Midwinter Beekeeping

matthew jackson
Jan 28
2 min read

What to Do in January and February to Keep Hives Healthy

As much of Wisconsin and the Midwest shiver through snow, ice, and sub-zero temperatures, our honey bee colonies are hunkered down, clustering for warmth and surviving on their carefully stored honey. While winter may feel like a time of waiting, there are several important steps you can take right now to support your bees and prepare for spring.

1. Keep Watch — Without Opening the Hive

In deep winter, opening a hive can be harmful. But you can still check on your bees from the outside:

Look for signs of life like bees flying on warm, sunny days (temps over 40°F).
Tap and listen for the soft hum of a cluster inside.
Check entrances for dead bee blockages and clear snow for ventilation.

2. Monitor Food Stores

A long winter can drain your bees’ honey reserves. If you’re unsure whether your hive has enough:

Gently lift the back of the hive is it light?
If so, consider adding a winter patty or sugar brick above the cluster on warm days (without prolonged opening).
Emergency feeding can be life-saving in February when food may run low.

3. Use Cold Days for Spring Prep

You may not be able to work the hives, but winter is a perfect time to:

Clean and repair hive boxes and frames
Build new equipment
Order bees if you’re expanding or replacing hives
Inventory your supplies (feeders, smokers, mite treatments)

4. Keep Learning

Stay inspired and connected to the community:

Sign up for local workshops, like those from the Wisconsin Bumble Bee Brigade
Read books, watch webinars, or join online groups
Plan your spring inspections and treatments now

5. Stay Positive — The Bees Are Doing Their Job

It can be tough not knowing what’s happening inside, but remember:

Bees are incredible winter survivors, built to withstand harsh conditions
Even in deep freezes, the cluster maintains a warm center for the queen
Your proactive planning makes a big difference in colony survival

At Wisconsin Bee Company, we know firsthand how winter can challenge even experienced beekeepers. But it’s also a time of hope, reflection, and preparation. The snow will melt. The crocus will bloom. And the bees will fly again. Until then check your hives, prep your gear, and know you’re not alone in this journey.

🐝💛 Stay warm & bee well.